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How do we Swallow?
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Effects
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Impact
Electrical Stimulation Therapy
VitalStim Therapy
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References

References

    Brown, Beverly J. (n.d.). Hard to Swallow. Retrieved November 6, 2002 from http://www.onlinece.net/courses.asp?course=102&action=view

    Career Improvement and Advancement Opportunities (2004).  VitalStim therapy certification program.  Retrieved February 22, 2004 from: http://www.ciaoseminars.com/Active_Courses/VitalStim.htm

    Casey, Kathleen M., (2004, March). Electrical Stimulation Therapy [Electronic Version]. Retrieved March 23, 2004, from http://www.nosuffering.com/nosuffering/patient/symptoms/treatments/estim.shtml

    Center for Devices and Radiological Health (2002).  Consumer information on electronic muscle stimulators. Retrieved February 12, 2004 from the Food and Drug Administration Web Site at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/consumer/ems.html

    Chattanooga Group (2003). Press release: new treatment for swallowing disorders showing dramatic results in dysphagia patients.  Retrieved February 9, 2004 from: http://www.forrelease.com/d20030609/chm024.p2.06092003141826.06778.html       

    Clark, H. M. (2003). Neuromuscular Treatments for Speech and Swallowing: A Tutorial. American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology, 12(4), 400-415.

    Dysphagia (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.nicdcd.nih.gov/health/voice/dysph.asp

    E-Stim Resolves Swallowing Disorders (n.d.). Retrieved February 3, 2004 from http://www.statehealthclips.com/PressReleases/20020214_UHC.htm

    Food and Drug Administration [FDA]. (2001). Final decisions rendered for June 2001. Docket number: 510(k) NO: K002410.  Retrieved February 22, 2004 from the FDA Web site at: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/510k/sumjun01.html

    FDA Import Alert (2002). Electrical muscle stimulators and iontophoresis devices. Retrieved March 1, 2004 from: http://www.fda.gov/ora/fiars/ora_import_ia8901.html

    Freed, M., (n.d.). Electrical Stimulation for Swallowing Disorders Caused by Stroke [Electronic Version]. Retrieved February 2, 2004, from http://www.curamove.com/scientific4.html

    Freed, M.L., Freed, L., Chatburn, R.L., & Christian, M. (2001). Electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders caused by stroke. Respiratory Care, 46(5), 466 – 474.

    Hegde, M.N., (2001). PocketGuide to Treatment in Speech-Language Pathology (2nd ed.). Canada: Singular.

    Humbert, I. & Ludlow, C.L. (2004, March 16). Electrical Stimulation Aids Dysphagia. The ASHA Leader, 9(5), 1 & 23.

    Leelamanit, V., Limsakul, C., & Geater, A. (2002). Synchronized electrical stimulation in treating pharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope 112, 2204-2210.

    Love, Russell J. & Webb, Wanda G., (Neurology for the Speech Language Pathologist (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann

    Martin, Derick F., O’Neill, Paul A., Park, Clare L.,Clare L. Park., (2001, May). A Pilot Exploratory Study of Oral Electrical Stimulation on Swallow Function following Stroke: An Innovative Technique. Dysphagia Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York ISSN: 0179-051X (Paper) 1432-0460 (Online) Issue: Volume 12, Number 3 Date: May 2001 Pages: 161 - 166 . Retrieved March 23, 2003, from

    Moore, Kelly (n.d.). VitalStim Therapy for Swallowing Problems [Electronic Version]. Retrieved March 23, 2004, from http://www.shepherd.org

    O’Loughlin, G. & Shanley, C. (1998). Swallowing problems in the nursing home. Dysphagia, 13(3), 172-83.

    Quality Health Products (2003). VitalStim electrotherapy. Retrieved March 1, 2004 from: http://www.qhpincb2b.com/Electrotherapy/vitalstim.asp

    Roanoke Times (2004, January 27). Treatment helps improve swallowing. Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. Retrieved Februrary 28, 2004 from: http://www.sacramento.networkofcare.org/aging/news/detail.cfm?articleID=4447

    Sciortino, Kellie Filter, PhD, Liss, J.M., PhD, Case, J.L., PhD, Gerritsen, K.G.M., PhD, Katz, R.C. PhD, Effects of Mechanical, Cold, Gustatory, and Combined Stimulation to the Human Anterior Faucial Pillars, Dysphagia, Vol. 18: 16-26 (2003).

     Shoemaker, Abigail (1996, October 14). Dysphagia in Geriatrics Preserving Quality of Life for Elderly Patients [Electronic Version]. ADVANCE for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 8,. Retrieved November 14, 2002 from http://www.advanceforspada.com/editorial/sp/10-14- 1996/p8.html?frominc=editorial&pub

    Stern, R. (2003). The gulp we take for granted.  Spirit Magazine, 1(1) 23-25. Retrieved February 21, 2004 from: http://www.spiritmag.org/v1n1/gulp.html

    Sussman, Carrie (n.d.). Electrical Stimulation [Electronic Version]. Retrieved March 23, 2004, from http://medicaledu.com/estim.htm

    Swallowing Problems in Adults. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2002, from http://www.asha.org/speech/swallowing/Swallowing-Disorders-in-Adults.cfm

    VitalStim Therapy (2004). VitalStim therapy: Hope for those in despair. Retrieved February 16, 2004 from the VitalStim Web page at: http://www.vitalstim.com

    Waldowski, K. (2002, October 21). E-Stim for Dysphagia. Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 12(42), 6.

    Ride for Life. (2003). Electrical stimulation may help swallowing {Online}. Available: www.rideforlife.com/archives/000444.html

    Jarvis, Jan. New Therapy Fosters Ability to Swallow, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Texas. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, January 13, 2004. pg.1.