Fall Semester Final Review

1. Wool, silk, and leather clothing are all made from _____________.

2. The approximately 30 million types of living things on Earth are known as species.

3. Adaptations are features of organisms that allow them to survive changing environments.

4. A plant responds to sunlight by growing toward it.

5. The land, water, and air on Earth that sustain life are known as the _____________

6. Which molecule is normally found only in living things?  DNA

7. The petroleum from which polyester and nylon are made is a fossil fuel.

8. Ultimately, almost all living organisms get their energy from _________

9. Several different types of tissues that function together for a specific purpose make up a(n)            ___________________.

10. A caterpillar is an organism that undergoes the most dramatic changes as it grows and develops?

11.  Pollution, hunting and clearing forests are all can cause ______________ of animals.    

12. A species is a group of organisms in the same area that can ______________.

13. An experiment has two parts: an experimental setup and a _______________.

14. The community of organisms in an area plus its nonliving factors make up the ___________.

15. Any factor that can influence the outcome of an experiment is known as a ____________.

16. A group of cells that performs a specific function in an organism is called ____________.

17. In order for a species to survive, some of its organisms must ______________.

18. An attempt to explain an event or set of observations is called a(n) _______________.

19. What is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all life functions? _______________

20. _____________________ is most closely associated with life on a molecular level.

21. What benefit does a water buffalo obtain from grass? _______________

22. An "If..... .then" statement is known as a _____________ in an experiment.

23. Carefully designed experiments are useful for testing ___________

24. Normally, how many variables should an experiment have? _______

25. Populations of different species living in the same place make up a(n) ________________

26. What is the study of heredity in living things __________________

27. Scientists use their senses, as well as instruments such as microscopes to make observations.

28. A machine that separates mixtures by spinning them is known as a(n)

29. A cell produces protein by using organelles called __________

30. What are membrane-bound sacs that package and secrete cell products? _____________

31. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have __________________

32. What is the liquid between the cell membrane and the nucleus called? _______________

33. Cell membranes are made of two phospholipid layers called a ______________

34. The mitochondria of a cell makes cell fuel called? ________________

35. As the resolution of a microscope gets better, the image gets ___________

36. Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells contain no _________.

37. Nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria are all examples of _________________.

38. What type of organisms has cells that contain a nucleus or nuclei? ______________

39. Light microscopes can magnify images up to 1500X.

40. The first person to describe microscopic organisms and living cells was __________.

41. Some ribosomes are free in the ectoplasm, while others line the membranes of the _______.

42. A chloroplast can convert light, carbon dioxide, and water into ____________.

43.  Photosynthesis consists of two types of reactions: light-dependent and _________ reactions.

44. How does temperature and size of a molecule effect diffusion? _________________

45. The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into energy is called ______________.

46. What are flagella? ________________

47. What is the term for the ability to perform work?_____________________

48. What are the most common group of photosynthetic pigments in plants?_________________

49. A molecule that can absorb certain light wavelengths and reflect others is a _________

50. Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from _________________

51. Most organisms use an energy storage molecule called_______________________

52. Plants, algae, and some prokaryotes are all examples of __________________

53. Concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell are equal when the solution is isotonic.

54. Animals that cannot make their own food are ____________

55. What is the Krebs cycle? _______________________

56. Prophase, metaphase, and telophase are all phases of __________.

57. The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is _________________.

58. What follows the last step in mitosis? ______________________

59. Autotroph: producer as heterotroph : _____________.

60. DNA replication in a cell results in ____________ chromotids.

61. Energy : work as work: ____________.

62. During interphase, the chromosomes of the cell ________________,

63. Plants : autotrophs as animal : _________________.

64. The period of the cell growth prior to division is _______________.

65. Sunlight: autotrophs as food : ____________.

66. The phases in the life of a cell are called ____________________.

67. Algae : producer as zebra : ______________.

68. In anaphase, the sister chromatids ____________________.

69. The cell is pinched in two and cytokinesis begins during ________________.

70. The term cleavage furrow refers to _____________

71. What is the term for the changes that take place in cells as they develop? ____________

72. Asexual reproduction is ______________________.

73. During budding, a parent organism produces offspring by ________.

74. A lizard's ability to grow back its tail is an example of __________.

75. Cancer is an example of a ___________________.

76. What are sexual reproductive cells called? _________

77. Matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell are called _________________.

78. The single cell that results from sexual reproduction is a ______________.

79. Daughter cells divide for the second time during________________.

80. The exchange of genes between pairs of homologous chromosomes is _________________.